Spring budget
Income tax
Allowances | 2021/22 | 2020/21 |
---|---|---|
Personal Allowance (PA) *† | £12,500 | £12,500 |
Marriage Allowance† | 1,260 | 1,250 |
Blind Person’s Allowance | 2,520 | 2,500 |
Rent a room relief § | 7,500 | 7,500 |
Trading income § | 1,000 | 1,000 |
Property income § | 1,000 | 1,000 |
*PA is withdrawn at £1 for every £2 by which ‘adjusted income’ exceeds £100,000. There is no allowance given above £125,140.
† The part of the PA that is transferable to a spouse or civil partner who is not a higher or top rate taxpayer.
§ If gross income exceeds it, the limit may be deducted instead of actual expenses.
Rate bands | 2021/22 | 2020/21 |
---|---|---|
Basic rate band (BRB) | £37,700 | £37,500 |
Higher Rate Band (HRB) | 37,501 – 150,000 | 34,501 – 150,000 |
Additional rate | over 150,000 | over 150,000 |
Personal Savings Allowance (PSA) | ||
– Basic rate taxpayer | 1,000 | 1,000 |
– Higher rate taxpayer | 500 | 500 |
Dividend Allowance (DA) | 2,000 | 2,000 |
BRB and additional rate threshold are increased by personal pension contributions (up to permitted limit) and Gift Aid donations.
Tax rates | 2021/22 and 2020/21 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Rates differ for General/Savings/Dividend income | G | S | D |
Basic rate | 20% | 20% | 7.5% |
Higher rate | 40% | 40% | 32.5% |
Additional rate | 45% | 45% | 38.1% |
General income (salary, pensions, business profits, rent) usually uses personal allowance, basic rate and higher rate bands before savings income (interest). Scottish taxpayers are taxed at different rates on general income (see below).
To the extent that savings income falls in the first £5,000 of the basic rate band, it is taxed at nil rather than 20%.
The PSA taxes interest at nil, where it would otherwise be taxable at 20% or 40%.
Dividends are normally taxed as the ‘top slice’ of income. The DA taxes the first £2,000 of dividend income at nil, rather than the rate that would otherwise apply.
Income tax – Scotland | 2021/22 | 2020/21 | |
---|---|---|---|
Starter Rate | 19% | £2,097 | £2,085 |
Basic Rate | 20% | 2,086 – 12,726 | 2,086 – 12,658 |
Intermediate Rate | 21% | 12,727 – 31,092 | 12,659 – 30,930 |
Higher Rate | 41% | 30,931 – 150,000 | 30,931 – 150,000 |
Top Rate | 46% | over 150,000 | over 150,000 |
The Scottish rates and bands do not apply for savings and dividend income, which are taxed at normal UK rates.
High Income Child Benefit Charge (HICBC)
1% of child benefit for each £100 of adjusted net income between £50,000 and £60,000.
Remittance basis charge | 2021/22 | 2020/21 |
---|---|---|
For non-UK domiciled individuals who have been UK resident in at least: |
||
7 of the preceding 9 tax years | £30,000 | £30,000 |
12 of the preceding 14 tax years | £60,000 | £60,000 |
15 of the preceding 20 tax years | Deemed to be UK domiciled for tax purposes |
Pensions
Registered Pensions | 2021/22 | 2020/21 |
---|---|---|
Lifetime allowance (LA) | £1,073,100 | £1,073,100 |
Annual allowance (AA)* | 40,000 | 40,000 |
Annual relievable pension inputs are the higher of earnings (capped at AA) or £3,600.
*Usually tapered down, to a minimum of £4,000, when adjusted income exceeds £240,000.
State pension (per week) | 2021/22 | 2020/21 |
---|---|---|
Old state pension – Married couple | £137.65 | £134.25 |
Annual allowance (AA)* | 220.05 | 214.70 |
New state pension† | 179.60 | 175.20 |
†Applies to those reaching state retirement age after 5 April 2016.
Annual investment limits
2021/22 | 2020/21 | |
---|---|---|
Individual Savings Account (ISA) | ||
– Overall limit | £20,000 | £20,000 |
– Lifetime ISA | 4,000 | 4,000 |
Junior ISA | 9,000 | 9,000 |
EIS – 30% relief | 2,000,000 | 2,000,000 |
Seed EIS (SEIS) – 50% relief | 100,000 | 100,000 |
Venture Capital Trust (VCT) – 30% relief | 200,000 | 200,000 |
National Insurance Contributions
Class 1 (Employees)
Employee | Employer | |
---|---|---|
Main NIC rate | 12.0% | 13.8% |
No NIC on first | £184pw | £170pw |
Main rate* charged up to | £967pw | no limit |
2% rate on earnings above | £967pw | N/A |
Employment allowance per qualifying business** | N/A | £4,000 |
*Nil rate of employer NIC for employees under the age of 21 and apprentices under 25, up to £967pw.
**Some businesses do not qualify, including certain sole director companies and employers who have an employer’s Class 1 NIC liability of £100,000 or more for 2021/22.
Employer contributions (at 13.8%) are also due on most taxable benefits (Class 1A) and on tax paid on an employee’s behalf under a PAYE settlement agreement (Class 1B).
Class 2 (Self-employed)
Flat rate per week | £3.05 |
Small profits threshold | £6,515 |
Class 3 (Voluntary)
Flat rate per week | £15.40 |
Class 4 (Self-employed)
On profits £9,500 – £50,270 | 9.0% |
On profits over £50,270 | 2.0% |
Vehicle benefits
Cars
Taxable benefit: List price multiplied by chargeable percentage.
2021/22 percentage for petrol cars first registered | |||
CO2 emissions g/km |
Electric range Miles |
Pre 06.04.2020 % |
Post 05.04.2020 % |
---|---|---|---|
0 | N/A | 1 | 1 |
1-50 | >130 | 2 | 1 |
1-50 | 70 – 129 | 5 | 4 |
1-50 | 40 – 69 | 8 | 7 |
1-50 | 30 – 39 | 12 | 11 |
1-50 | <30 | 14 | 13 |
51-54 | N/A | 15 | 14 |
Then a further 1% for each 5g/km CO2 emissions, up to a maximum of 37%. Diesel cars that are not RDE2 standard suffer a 4% supplement on the above figures but are still capped at 37%.
Vans
Chargeable value of £3,500 (2020/21: £3,490) if private use is more than home-to-work. Zero-emission vans charged at £Nil (2020/21: £2,792).
Fuel
Car: CO2-based percentage from above table multiplied by £24,600 (2020/21: £24,500).
Van: £669 (2020/21: £666).
Employee contributions do not reduce taxable figure unless all private fuel is paid for by the employee (in which case there is no benefit charge).
Tax-free mileage allowances
Employee’s own transport | per business mile |
---|---|
Cars first 10,000 miles | 45p |
Cars over 10,000 miles | 25p |
Business passengers | 5p |
Motorcycles | 24p |
Bicycles | 20p |
Capital gains tax
2021/22 | 2020/21 | |
---|---|---|
Annual exemption amount | ||
Individuals, estates | £12,300 | £12,300 |
Most trusts | 6,150 | 6,150 |
Tax rate | ||
Individual (to basic rate limit)* | 10% | 10% |
Individual (above basic rate limit)* | 20% | 20% |
Trusts, estates* | 20% | 20% |
Business Asset Disposal Relief (BADR)** | 10% | 10% |
Investors’ Relief (IR)*** | 10% | 10% |
*Individuals are taxed at 18%/28% on gains on residential property and receipts of carried interest. Trusts and estates are taxed at 28% in these circumstances.
**BADR was called Entrepreneurs’ Relief prior to 6 April 2020. It is available for qualifying gains of up to £1m.
***Shares in an unquoted trading company may qualify on lifetime gains up to £10m. Various conditions apply.
Corporation tax
Year to | 31.3.2022 | 31.3.2021 |
---|---|---|
Corporation Tax rate | 19% | 19% |
Research and development relief | ||
---|---|---|
SME enhanced expenditure deduction scheme* |
130% | 130% |
Large company R&D Expenditure Credit (RDEC) scheme** |
13% | 12% |
*Additional deduction for qualifying R&D
**Taxable expenditure credit for qualifying R&D
SMEs that make losses can surrender the deduction to HMRC in exchange for a payment of 14.5% of the loss (capped at £20,000 plus 3 x PAYE & NIC for periods beginning from 1.4.21).
Main capital allowances
Plant and machinery allowances | Rate | |
---|---|---|
Expenditure 1.4.21 – 31.3.23 (companies only) | ||
– Super-deduction (main pool expenditure) | 130% | |
– First-year allowance (special rate pool expenditure) | 50% | |
Annual Investment Allowance (AIA) | ||
– expenditure 1.1.19 – 31.12.21 | £1,000,000 | 100% |
– expenditure from 1.1.22 | 200,000 | 100% |
New electric vans | 100% | |
Writing down allowance: general pool (reducing balance) | 18% | |
Writing down allowance: special rate pool (reducing balance) | 6% |
Motor cars purchased | |||
---|---|---|---|
From 1.4.21 CO2 (g/km) |
1.4.18 to 31.3.21 CO2 (g/km) |
Allowance | |
New cars only | Nil | up to 50 | 100% |
In general pool | up to 50 | up to 110 | 18% |
In special rate pool | above 50 | above 110 | 6% |
Structures and buildings allowance | |
---|---|
Fixed deduction per annum | 3% |
Property taxes
Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings (ATED)
ATED applies to ‘high value’ residential properties owned via a corporate structure, unless the property is used for a qualifying purpose. The tax applies to properties valued at more than £500,000.
Property value | Annual charge to | |
---|---|---|
31.3.2022 | 31.3.2021 | |
£0.5m – £1m | £3,700 | £3,700 |
£1m – £2m | 7,500 | 7,500 |
£2m – £5m | 25,300 | 25,200 |
£5m – £10m | 59,100 | 58,850 |
£10m – £20m | 118,600 | 118,050 |
Over £20m | 237,400 | 236,250 |
Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT), Land and Buildings Transaction Tax (LBTT) and Land Transaction Tax (LTT) from 1 April 2021
Residential property (1st property only) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDLT – England & NI £000 |
Rate | LBTT – Scotland £000 |
Rate | LTT – Wales £000 |
Rate |
Up to 125* | Nil | Up to 145 | Nil | Up to 180** | Nil |
125 – 250 | 2% | 145 – 250 | 2% | 180 – 250 | 3.5% |
250 – 925 | 5% | 250– 325 | 5% | 250 – 400 | 5.0% |
925 – 1,500 | 10% | 325 – 750 | 10% | 400 – 750 | 7.5% |
Over 1,500 | 12% | Over 750 | 12% | 750 – 1,500 | 10.0% |
Over 1,500 | 12.0% |
*Nil rate band up to 30.6.21 is £500,000, between 1.7.21-30.9.21 is £250,000.
**Nil rate band up to 30.6.21 is £250,000.
A supplement applies for all three taxes where an additional residential property is purchased for more than £40,000 (unless replacing a main residence). It is also payable by all corporate purchasers. The rate is 3% (LBTT and LTT: 4%) of the total purchase price.
For SDLT:
– First-time buyers purchasing a property of up to £500,000 pay a nil rate on the first £300,000 of the purchase price.
– A 2% supplement applies where the property is bought by a non-UK resident.
– A rate of 15% may apply to the total purchase price, where the property is valued above £500,000 and purchased by a ‘non-natural person’ (e.g. a company).
For LBTT, first-time buyer relief increases the nil rate band to £175,000.
Non-residential or mixed use property | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDLT – England & NI £000 |
Rate | LBTT – Scotland £000 |
Rate | LTT – Wales £000 |
Rate |
Up to 150 | Nil | Up to 150 | Nil | Up to 150 | Nil |
150 – 250 | 2% | 150 – 250 | 1% | 150 – 250 | 1% |
Over 250 | 5% | Over 250 | 5% | 250 – 1,000 | 5% |
Over 1,000 | 6% |
Value Added Tax
Standard rate (1/6 of VAT-inclusive price) | 20% |
Tourism and hospitality sector reduced rate | |
– up to 30.9.21 | 5.0% |
– from 1.10.21-31.3.22 | 12.5% |
Registration level from 1.4.2017 | £85,000 per annum |
Deregistration level from 1.4.2017 | 83,000 per annum |
Most businesses above the registration threshold must comply with the Making Tax Digital requirements.
Flat Rate Scheme (FRS)
Annual taxable turnover to enter scheme | Up to £150,000 |
Must leave scheme if annual taxable turnover | Exceeds £230,000 |
If using FRS, the VAT paid by the business is a fixed percentage (based on business category) of ‘FRS turnover’ rather than the net of output tax over input tax. Input tax is usually not recoverable.
Cash accounting and Annual accounting schemes
Annual taxable turnover to enter scheme | Up to £1.35m |
Must leave scheme if annual taxable turnover | Exceeds £1.60m |
Inheritance tax
2021/22 | 2020/21 | |
---|---|---|
Nil rate band (NRB)* | £325,000 | £325,000 |
NRB Residential enhancement (RNRB)†* | 150,000 | 125,000 |
Rate on death** | 40% | 40% |
Tax rate on lifetime transfers to most trusts | 20% | 20% |
*Up to 100% of the proportion of a deceased spouse’s/civil partner’s unused NRB and RNRB band may be claimed to increment the current NRB and RNRB when the survivor dies.
†RNRB is available for transfers of a main residence to (broadly) direct descendents. It tapers away at the rate of £1 for every £2 of estate value above £2m.
**Rate reduced to 36% if at least 10% of the relevant estate is left to charity. Unlimited exemption for transfers between spouses/civil partners, except if UK domiciled transferor and foreign domiciled transferee, where maximum exemption £325,000.
100% Business Property Relief (BPR) for all shareholdings in qualifying unquoted trading companies, qualifying unincorporated trading businesses and certain farmland/buildings.
Reduced tax charge on gifts within 7 years before death
Years before death | 0-3 | 3-4 | 4-5 | 5-6 | 6-7 |
% of full death tax charge payable | 100 | 80 | 60 | 40 | 20 |
Annual exemptions for lifetime gifts include £3,000 per donor and £250 per recipient.
Key dates and deadlines
Payment dates | |||
---|---|---|---|
Self assessment | 2021/22 | 2020/21 | |
1st payment on account | 31 January | 2022 | 2021 |
2nd payment on account | 31 July | 2022 | 2021 |
Balancing payment | 31 January | 2023 | 2022 |
Capital Gains Tax* | 31 January | 2023 | 2022 |
*UK residential property: CGT due within 30 days of completion.
Other payment dates | |||
---|---|---|---|
Class 1A NIC | 19 July | 2022 | 2021 |
Class 1B NIC | 19 October | 2022 | 2021 |
Corporation tax is due 9 months and 1 day from the end of the accounting period, unless a ‘large’ company paying by quarterly instalments.
2020/21 Filing deadlines | |
---|---|
Issue P60s to employees | 31 May 2021 |
P11D, P11D(b) | 6 July 2021 |
Self Assessment Tax Return (SATR) paper version | 31 October 2021 |
Online SATR if outstanding tax to be included in 2022/23 PAYE code |
30 December 2021 |
Online SATR | 31 January 2022 |
Non-resident CGT return is due within 30 days of completion of sale of UK land and buildings by a non-resident.
Useful rates
National Minimum Wage Rates per hour |
From 1.04.21 | From 1.04.20 |
---|---|---|
Aged 23 and over (National Living Wage) | £8.91 | £8.72 |
Aged 23 – 24 | N/A | 8.20 |
Aged 21 – 22 | 8.36 | 8.20 |
Aged 18 – 20 | 6.56 | 6.45 |
Aged 16 – 17 | 4.62 | 4.55 |
Apprentices | 4.30 | 4.15 |
The Living Wage Foundation suggest that the National Living Wage rate in London should be £10.85 ph and rest of the UK should be £9.50 ph. Companies who have signed up to the Living Wage Foundation’s rates must implement them by 9th May 2021. Chariot House have signed up to and implemented these rates.
Child Benefit (per week) | 2021/22 | 2020/21 |
---|---|---|
First eligible child | £21.05 | £21.05 |
Each subsequent child | 13.95 | 13.95 |